Fiskalna pravila kot temelj fiskalne odgovornosti in javnofinančne vzdržnosti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/eb.v12i2.151Ključne besede:
fiskalna pravila, fiskalna politika, javne finance, fiskalna odgovornost, javni dolgPovzetek
Fiskalna pravila so ključni mehanizem za zagotavljanje fiskalne odgovornosti in vzdržnosti javnih financ. Njihov namen je omejevanje javne porabe, nadzor nad javnim dolgom ter zmanjšanje procikličnosti fiskalne politike, kar prispeva k makroekonomski stabilnosti. V članku so analizirani različni tipi fiskalnih pravil, njihova vloga pri stabilizaciji javnih financ ter vpliv na javnofinančni dolg. Empirične raziskave kažejo, da države s fiskalnimi pravili dosegajo boljše proračunske rezultate in nižje stroške zadolževanja, vendar je njihova učinkovitost odvisna od institucionalnega okvira in stopnje politične discipline. Ob sprejetih fiskalnih pravilih je pomembna tudi vloga fiskalnih institucij, kot so neodvisni fiskalni sveti, ki spremljajo spoštovanje pravil, ocenjujejo proračunske napovedi in svetujejo vladam pri oblikovanju fiskalne politike. Prihodnje raziskave bi morale oceniti dolgoročne učinke fiskalnih pravil in reforme fiskalnega okvira EU.
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