Vloga Evropske unije pri implementaciji programa Natura 2000: primerjava med Slovenijo in Hrvaško
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/eb.v10i1.122Ključne besede:
Natura 2000, Evropska unija, Slovenija, HrvaškaPovzetek
Implementacija Nature 2000 v državah jugovzhodne Evrope je potekala v času vstopa v Evropsko unijo. Vloge različnih akterjev v procesu implementacije Nature 2000 so bile obsežno preučene po vsej Evropi. To je zelo pomembno za nadaljnji proces upravljanja Nature 2000. Vloga Evropske unije pri izvajanju Nature 2000 v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem ter razlike v izvajanju še niso raziskane. Cilj raziskave je proučiti vlogo Evropske unije na območju Slovenije in Hrvaške, jo primerjati med državama in poiskati podobnosti in razlike med drugimi državami Evropske unije. V razpravi so navedene vloge Evropske unije v procesu implementacije Nature 2000, kot so financiranje implementacije mednarodne zakonodaje v nacionalno zakonodajo in njihovih prispevkov, financiranje krepitve institucij varstva narave, vključevanje vseh akterjev oziroma zainteresiranih strani v državni sistem varstva narave. V sklepih so omenjeni pozitivni prispevki Evropske unije v obeh državah, kot so krepitev državne zakonodaje, stroke in institucij. Evropska unija ni prispevala k razvoju nevladnega sektorja na celotnem območju Slovenije in Hrvaške.
Literatura
Apostolopoulou, E., Drakou, E.G., Pediaditi, K., 2012. Participation in the management of Greek Natura 2000 sites: Evidence from a cross-level analysis. J. Environ. Manage. 113, 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.006
Arnberger, A., Eder, R., Allex, B., Sterl, P., Burns, R.C., 2012. Relationships between nationalpark affinity and attitudes towards protected area management of visitors to the Gesaeuse National Park, Austria. For. Policy Econ. 19, 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.06.013
Baker, S., 2003. The Dynamics of European Union Biodiversity Policy: Interactive, Functional and Institutional Logics. Env. Polit. 12, 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010412331308264
Beunen, R., de Vries, J.R., 2011. The governance of Natura 2000 sites: the importance of initial choices in the organisation of planning processes. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. 54, 1041–1059. doi:10.1080/09640568.2010.549034
Brown, M.L., 2013. European Union Environmental Governance in Transition — Effective ? Legitimate ? Ecologically Rational ? J. Int. Organ. Stud. 4, 109–126.
Brulle, R., 2010. Politics and the Environment, in: Forthcoming in Kevin T. Leicht and J. Craig Jenkins (eds), The Handbook of Politics: State and Civil Society in Global Perspective. Springer Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Carmin, J., 2010. NGO capacity and environmental governance in Central and Eastern Europe. Acta Polit. 45, 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2009.21
Cent, J., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska, A., 2014. Emerging multilevel environmental governance - A case of public participation in Poland. J. Nat. Conserv. 22, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.09.005
Cent, J., Mertens, C., Niedziałkowski, K., 2013. Roles and impacts of nongovernmental organizations in Natura 2000 implementation in Hungary and Poland. Environ. Conserv. 40, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892912000380
Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Jones, N., Iosifides, T., Florokapi, I., Lasda, O., Paliouras, F., Evangelinos, K.I., 2010. Local attitudes on protected areas: Evidence from three Natura 2000 wetland sites in Greece. J. Environ. Manage. 91, 1847–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.010
DIREKTIVA 2009/147/ES EVROPSKEGA PARLAMENTA IN SVETA z dne 30. novembra 2009 o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic (kodificirana različica)
DIREKTIVA 2011/92/EU EVROPSKEGA PARLAMENTA IN SVETA z dne 13. decembra 2011 o presoji vplivov nekaterih javnih in zasebnih projektov na okolje
DIREKTIVA SVETA 90/313/EGS z dne 7. junija 1990 o prostem dostopu do informacij o okolju
DIREKTIVA SVETA 92/43/EGS z dne 21. maja 1992 o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst
EEA, 2010. Assessing biodiversity in Europe - the 2010 report, European Environment Agency - EEA, Copenhagen.
Ferranti, F., Beunen, R., Speranza, M., 2010. Natura 2000 Network: A Comparison of the Italian and Dutch Implementation Experiences. J. Environ. Policy Plan. 12, 293–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2010.505417
Geitzenauer, M., Hogl, K., Weiss, G., 2016. The implementation of Natura 2000 in Austria — A European policy in a federal system. Land Use Policy 52, 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.11.026
Giljum, S., Hak, T., Hinterberger, F., Kovanda, J., 2005. Environmental governance in the European Union: strategies and instruments for absolute decoupling. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. 8, 31. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2005.007373
Grodzinska-Jurczak, M., Cent, J., 2011. Expansion of nature conservation areas: Problems with Natura 2000 implementation in Poland? Environ. Manage. 47, 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9583-2
Hartley, N., Wood, C., 2005. Public participation in environmental impact assessment - Implementing the Aarhus Convention. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25, 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2004.12.002
Hiedanpaa, J., 2002. European-wide conservation versus local well-being: The reception of the Natura 2000 Reserve Network in Karvia, SW-Finland. Landsc. Urban Plan. 61, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00106-8
Holling, C.S., 1993. Gyroscope: Negotiation and Conflict, in: Lee, K.N. (Ed.), Compass and Gyroscope: Integrating Science and Politics for the Environment. Island Press, Wachington, 87–14.
Jordan, A., 1998. The Politics of a Multi-level Environmental Governance System: European Union Environmental Policy at 25 (No. 98-01), Cserge Working Paper. London.
Jordan, A., 2008. The governance of sustainable development: Taking stock and looking forwards. Environ. Plan. C Gov. Policy 26, 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1068/cav6
Jordan, A., Wurzel, R., Zito, A., 2000. Innovating with “New” Environmental Policy Instruments: Convergence or Divergence in the European Union, in: Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association. American Political Science Association, Wachington, 1–21.
Kapaciauskaite, I., 2011. Environmental governance in the Baltic Sea Region and the role of non-governmental actors. Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci. 14, 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.027
Kati, V., Hovardas, T., Dieterich, M., Ibisch, P.L., Mihok, B., Selva, N., 2014. The challenge of implementing the European network of protected areas Natura 2000. Conserv. Biol. 29, 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12366
Kay, K., 2014. Europeanization through biodiversity conservation: Croatia’s bid for EU accession and the Natura 2000 designation process. Geoforum 54, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.04.003
Kluvánková-Oravská, T., Chobotová, V., Banaszak, I., Slavikova, L., Trifunovova, S., 2009. From government to governance for biodiversity: The perspective of Central and Eastern European transition countries. Environ. Policy Gov. 19, 186– 196. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.508
Kohler-Koch, B., Rittberger, B., 2006. Review Article: The “Governance Turn” in EU Studies*. JCMS 44, 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2006.00642.x
Krenova, Z., Kindlmann, P., 2015. Natura 2000 - Solution for Eastern Europe or just a good start? The Sumava National Park as a test case. Biol. Conserv. 186, 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.028
Lockwood, M., Davidson, J., Curtis, A., Stratford, E., Griffith, R., 2009. Multi-level Environmental Governance: lessons from Australian natural resource management. Aust. Geogr. 40, 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049180902964926
Louette, G., Adriaens, D., Adriaens, P., Anselin, A., Devos, K., Sannen, K., Van Landuyt, W., Paelinckx, D., Hoffmann, M., 2011. Bridging the gap between the Natura 2000 regional conservation status and local conservation objectives. J. Nat. Conserv. 19, 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2011.02.001
Manolache, S., Ciocanea, C., Rozylowicz, L., Nita, A., 2017. Natura 2000 in Romania decade of governance challenges. Eur. J. Geogr. 8, 24–34.
Mertens, C., 2013. Playing at multiple levels in biodiversity governance: The case of Hungarian ENGOs in Natura 2000. Soc. Econ. 35, 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1556/SocEc.2013.0001
Newig, J., Fritsch, O., 2009. Environmental governance: Participatory, multi-level - And effective? Environ. Policy Gov. 19, 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.509
Niedziałkowski, K., Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska, A., Pietruczuk, M., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M. 2015. Assessing participatory and multi-level characteristics of biodiversity and landscape protection legislation: the case of Poland. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2015.1100982
Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska, A., Cent, J., Grodzińska-Jurczak, M., Szymańska, M., 2012. Factors influencing perception of protected areas-The case of Natura 2000 in 235 Polish Carpathian communities. J. Nat. Conserv. 20, 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2012.05.005
Stringer, L.C., Paavola, J., 2013. Participation in environmental conservation and protected area management in Romania: A review of three case studies. Environ. Conserv. 40, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892913000039
Stubbs, P., 2005. Stretching Concepts Too Far ? Multi-Level Governance, Policy Transfer and the Politics of Scale. Southeast Eur. Polit. VI, 66–87
Šobot, A., 2022. Upravljanje z okoljem na primeru Evropske ekološke mreže Natura 2000 [Elektronski vir]. Izzivi globalizacije in družbeno-ekonomsko okolje EU = Globalisation challenges and the social-economic environment of the EU [Elektronski vir]: zbornik prispevkov = conference proceedings; 11. mednarodna znanstvena konferenca = 11th international scientific conference; Novo mesto, 19. maj 2022. - Str. 498-504.
Šobot, A., in Lukšič, A. (2016). The impact of europeanisation on the nature protection system of Croatia: example of the establishment of multi-level governance system of protected areas Natura 2000. Journal of Social Ecology, 25(3), 235–270. https://doi.org/10.17234/SocEkol.25.3.2
Šobot, A., in Lukšič, A. (2017). The impact of europeanisation on the nature protection system of Slovenia: example of the establishment of multi-level governance system of protected areas Natura 2000. In A. Lukšič (Ed.), Exploration of Political Ecology in Slovenia 113–147. Ljubljana: Centre of Political Theory, University of Ljubljana. Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Šobot, A., in Lukšič, A. (2019). The impact of europeanisation on the nature protection system Bosnia and Herzegovina: example of the establishment of multi-level governance of Natura 2000 protected areas. Journal of Social Ecology, 28(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.17234/SocEkol.28.1.2
Šobot, A., in Lukšič, A. (2020). Natura 2000 experiences in southeast Europe: Comparisons from Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Comparative Politics, 13(1), 46–57.
Šobot, A., and Lukšič, A. (2020a). Ensuring the sustainable development of Natura 2000:challenges and solutions. Theory and Practice, 57(1), 368–388.
Teofili, C., Battisti, C., 2011. May the Conservation Measures Partnership open standards framework improve the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 European Network? A comparative analysis. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. 8, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2010.529150
Winkel, G., Blondet, M., Borrass, L., Frei, T., Geitzenauer, M., Gruppe, A., Jump, A., de Koning, J., Sotirov, M., Weiss, G., Winter, S., Turnhout, E., 2015. The implementation of Natura 2000 in forests: A trans- and interdisciplinary assessment of challenges and choices. Environ. Sci. Policy 52, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.04.018
Winter, S., Borrass, L., Geitzenauer, M., Blondet, M., Breibeck, R., Weiss, G., Winkel, G., 2014. The impact of Natura 2000 on forest management: a socio-ecological analysis in the continental region of the European Union. Biodivers. Conserv. 23, 3451–3482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0822-3
Wurzel, R.K.W., 2008. European Union Environmental Policy and Natura 2000 - From Adoption to Revision, in: J., K., G., L. (Eds.), Legitimacy in European 240 Nature Conservation Policy: Case Studies in Multilevel Governance. Springer, 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6510-1_20
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2023 Aleksandar Šobot
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 mednarodno licenco.